Schools often give certificates to students, which parents are encouraged to stick on the bumpers of their cars. The certificates typically say something such as:
MY CHILD IS AN HONOR ROLL STUDENT AT WESTVIEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
The certificates are intended as:
a. positive reinforcers.
b. negative reinforcers.
c. classical conditioners.
d. vicarious reinforcers.
a
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Which statement about teaching content-area material to struggling readers is true?
a. Students may not be able to read the text. b. Students might learn the content from a text that is easier to read. c. Graphics such as pictures and illustrations may help convey content. d. all of the above
Most curricula organization approaches today are ______.
A. integrated because it promotes transfer of learning B. integrated because research shows students do well with that approach C. standards-based because high-stakes tests are based on the standards D. standards-based because it is an easier approach to use
When should teachers begin to help students transition from invented spelling and punctuation to conventional forms?
a. when students first begin using letter-like forms in their writing b. when students are comfortable writing and do so freely in their own style c. when students are beginning to prepare for standardized assessments d. none of the above
If you were to observe Dr. Contant’s class, you would probably see students actively participating in classroom activities. You might hear discussions and collaborations among two or more students. Students will most likely be involved in constructive
questioning and critiquing of each other’s work and assuming responsibility for helping one another learn. Dr. Contant’s classroom environment would be best described as: A. chaotic. B. a community of learners. C. linguistically and culturally diverse. D. in need of behavior modification. E. at risk.