What effect does negative reinforcement have on a person's responding?
a. increases it
b. decreases it
c. completely extinguishes it
d. makes responding more unpleasant
ANSWER: a
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The reason for the importance of friendship to older adults relates to the element of control.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
You are likely to attribute your own failing grade on a test to ____; your roommate is more likely to attribute your failing grade to ____
a. an unfair test; your poor study habits b. your poor study habits; an unfair test c. a poor teacher; an unfair test d. your own stupidity; a poor teacher
Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?
A. Because he used behavior to infer mental processes B. Because of his focus on measuring behavior C. Because he focused on the stimulus-response connections in the rat's mind during his maze experiment D. Because of his interest in operant conditioning
Marcy has a habit of taking toys from her sister. Which of the following would be the best way for Marcy's parents to correct this bad habit?
a. Ignore this habit since all children go through a phase of intense "sibling rivalry.". b. Reprimand her for taking her sister's toys, but reward her for cooperative play and sharing toys with her sister. c. Give her a spanking to immediately eliminate this selfish behavior and then a 30-minute time out to think about her transgression. d. Use a severe response cost that would include giving several of her own toys to her younger sister or to charity.