The nurse is instructing a client on the cause of bipolar disorder. Which neurotransmitters will the nurse describe as contributing to the manic phase of this disorder?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Excessive glutamate
2. Excessive norepinephrine
3. Deficiency of gamma-aminobutyric acid
4. Deficiency of dopamine
5. Excessive serotonin
Correct Answer: 1,2,3
Rationale 1: Mania may involve an excess of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate.
Rationale 2: Mania may involve an excess of excitatory neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine.
Rationale 3: Mania may involve a deficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Rationale 4: Dopamine is not associated with the manic phase of bipolar disorder.
Rationale 5: Serotonin is not associated with the manic phase of bipolar disorder.
Global Rationale: Mania may involve an excess of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and norepinephrine along with a deficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Dopamine and serotonin are not associated with the manic phase of bipolar disorder.
You might also like to view...
Which of the following changes associated with aging contributes to heart failure development in older adults? Select all that apply
A) Increased incidence of mitral stenosis B) Sludge buildup in the kidneys C) Elevated diastolic BP D) Increased vascular stiffness E) Inflammation in the joints due to arthritis
A newly diagnosed cancer client is crying and states the following to the nurse: "I promised God that I will be a better person if I can just get better." What is the appropriate assessment of this comment by the nurse?
A) The client is just trying to protect self from potential loss. B) Anger directed toward nursing staff is not unusual in dealing with cancer clients. C) The cancer is viewed as a punishment from past actions. D) Loss is inevitable so client is making final plans.
The nurse is discussing diet planning with a client who takes insulin as treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. What should the nurse encourage this client to do?
a. Adjust carbohydrates for snacks, but only eat them if hungry between meals. b. Eat a larger snack if hunger occurs in the middle of the day and skip the next meal c. Subtract several servings of carbohydrates from the daily meals and use them for snacks. d. Add several servings of carbohydrates as snacks throughout the day without adjustments to meals.
A patient is diagnosed with subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. What should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?
Select all that apply. 1. weight loss 2. chronic cough 3. chills and fever 4. loss of appetite 5. shortness of breath