The pharmacology instructor is discussing antimicrobials with the nursing class. What would the instructor tell the students about the mechanism of action of antimicrobials? (Select all that apply)
A) Preventing cell division
B) Causing cell death
C) Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
D) Causing leakage of cell wall allowing fluid to leak in
E) Inhibiting synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A, B, C
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Sites of cellular action of carbapenems, ketolides, lincosamides, aztreonam, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and antimycobacterials. Carbapenems, ketolides, and lincosamides change protein function and prevent cell division or cause cell death. Aztreonam alters cell membranes to allow leakage of intracellular substances and causes cell death; it does not cause leakage of fluid into the cell. Penicillins prevent bacteria from building their cells during division. Sulfonamides inhibit folic acid synthesis for RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid production but does not inhibit RNA synthesis
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The nurse is attempting to deliver culturally competent care to a patient from an unusual culture the nurse has never encountered before. The patient is becoming irritated. What actions might be causing barriers to cultural competence?
1. Planning care according to the nurse's textbook 2. Showing distaste when the patient explains her diet 3. Applying what was learned on the Internet into the plan of care 4. Asking the patient about their beliefs and customs 5. Helping the patient choose food for tomorrow's meal
The hospital administrators are examining the fiscal health of the organization. Which of the following assessments will most likely lead to a change in the services that are provided by the hospital?
1. The percentage of childbearing-aged women in the surrounding community has increased from 34% to 35%. 2. The nurse retention rate has decreased by 5% from 2 years ago. 3. The number of hip replacements that are being performed has increased 30% from 1 year ago. 4. The number of hysterectomies performed at the hospital has decreased by 3% over the last 3 years.
Laboratories commonly report the PT values with which of the following measurement?
A. ISI B. PTT C. DIC D. INR
The nurse is assisting with a community education class on breast cancer prevention. Which of the following are risk factors the nurse should include?
a. High-fat diet and alcohol intake b. Early first pregnancy and late menarche c. Large or pendulous breasts d. History of breastfeeding