Which of the following is true of the structures of personality as described by Sigmund Freud?
a) The id abides by the reality principle by trying to bring the individual pleasure within the norms of society.
b) The ego acts as a mediator between the conflicting demands of the id and the superego, as well as the real world.
c) The superego helps individuals to test reality.
d) The ego and the superego are completely unconscious, whereas the id is partly unconscious.
Ans: b) The ego acts as a mediator between the conflicting demands of the id and the superego, as well as the real world.
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To examine the impact of mood on prosocial behavior, Leila has participants watch a video intended to put them in either a positive or neutral mood before asking them to make a donation to a fictitious charity. What is the dependent variable in this study?
a. the participants' mood b. watching a happy or sad video c. the participants in the study d. whether or not a donation is made to charity
Victims of incest tend to be________, and victims of non-incest pedophilia tend to be ________
a. male; female b. young children; girls who are beginning to mature physically c. girls who are beginning to mature physically; young children d. female; male
The psychodynamic approach, based on the ideas of Freud, holds that much of our behavior is governed by:
a. unconscious forces b. environmental influences c. free will d. idiographic traits
What is a key similarity between learning-schema theory and social role theory when thinking about gender roles?
a) Both emphasize the importance of proximal causes. b) Both emphasize the importance of distal causes. Consider This: Both of these theories see how children are affected by elements close to them. LO 5.2: Discuss that gender roles are affected by situations we meet and are reflected in the gender stereotypes c) Both emphasize the importance of biological factors. Consider This: Both of these theories see how children are affected by elements close to them. LO 5.2: Discuss that gender roles are affected by situations we meet and are reflected in the gender stereotypes d) Both emphasize the importance of a social clock. Consider This: Both of these theories see how children are affected by elements close to them. LO 5.2: Discuss that gender roles are affected by situations we meet and are reflected in the gender stereotypes