All of the following are considered learning theories EXCEPT:

a. differential reinforcement theory
b. differential association theory
c. collective conscience theory
d. neutralization theory


c. collective conscience theory

Criminal Justice

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If Officer Morris and two witnesses stated that Officer Morris was trying to restrain Betty from continuing to punch Wilma, and the only reason he touched Betty inappropriately was due to Betty's fighting to get out of Officer Morris' grasp, Officer Morris can then raise the defense of

a. probable cause to arrest Betty. b. reasonable suspicion to arrest Betty. c. official immunity. d. None of the answers are correct.

Criminal Justice

How is a contamination log used?

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

_____________________, the source of strain outlined by Robert Agnew, can be caused by child abuse, criminal victimization, or school failure

a. Disjunction of expectations and achievements b. Removal of positively valued stimuli c. Presentation of negative stimulus d. Failure to achieve goals

Criminal Justice

Problem-oriented policing was created by Herman Goldstein

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice