Any event whose reduction or termination increases the likelihood that an ongoing behavior will recur is a(n) ________
a. positive reinforcer
b. antecedent
c. negative reinforcer
d. punisher
Answer: c
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The buffering and direct-effects hypotheses make DIFFERENT predictions regarding the effects of social support when stress is ______.
A. low B. moderate C. high D. either low or high
Why is it that children who are frequently ill have a greater likelihood of being abused?
a. Because children who are ill are usually the youngest in the family, and the statistics are clear that the "baby" of the family is the most likely to be abused. b. Because the child who is ill tends to be unmanageable and demanding, which in turn causes parents to get angry more easily. c. Because the research finds that the "illnesses" are really a symptom of abuse in the first place. d. Because children who are ill tend to whine and cry, which can increase parents' annoyance levels.
A fear of strangers is called
a. xenophobia. b. astraphobia. c. coulrophobia. d. hematophobia.
All of the following should be considered when justifying research using animals except
a. The research should increase understanding of the species under study. b. The research must involve no pain or distress to the animal. c. The research should provide results that benefit the health or welfare of humans or other animals. d. The research should increase knowledge of the process underlying the evolution, development, or control of behavior of the species.