An experiment was performed to test whether caffeine in Coca-Cola would improve performance on an intelligence test. One randomly chosen group of subjects was given an 8 oz. cup of Coca-Cola containing caffeine to drink 10 minutes before taking the intelligence test. Another randomly chosen group was given an 8 oz. cup of decaffeinated Coke to drink 10 minutes before taking the test. Neither group had any food or drink for three hours before the experiment began. Why was one group given a cup of decaffeinated Coca-Cola rather than being given nothing at all?
a. For ethical reasons—it is so the participants in the control group would not feel excluded
b. For sampling reasons—it is so participant selection can be considered random
c. For statistical reasons—it is so the groups can more accurately represent the population
d. For experimental reasons—it is so the participants would have exactly the same experience except for the stimulant effect of caffeine
Ans: D
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Terror management theory suggests that self-esteem serves a terror management function by reducing
a. awareness of the inevitability of death. b. mortality salience. c. anxiety. d. cultural worldviews.
Which statement best reflects the views of the text regarding research in developmental psychology?
a. Research findings can be important in shaping social policy b. Research findings are useful only to scientists who study the same topics. c. Research findings may be interesting to nonscientists, but the information can rarely be used in the real world. d. Research in developmental psychology does not make much of a scientific contribution.
Isaiah is five years old, but on intelligence tests, he scores at the level typical of four-year-olds. Using the formula developed by Lewis Terman, Isaiah would have an IQ of:
a. 125 b. 80 c. 100 d. 99
Vygotsky believed that
A) toddlers discover make-believe play independently, once they are capable of representational schemes. B) society provides children with opportunities to represent culturally meaningful activities in play. C) make-believe play is less rich in collectivist cultures. D) almost all play episodes during the first half of the second year are initiated by children.