In referring to "the problem of meaning", renowned psychologist Jerome Bruner was offering what critique of cognitive research?
a) too much emphasis on internal validity at the expense of external validity
b) too much emphasis on external validity at the expense of internal validity
c) not enough emphasis on how cognition relates to brain activity
d) research in cognition should be "disembodied"
Answer: a
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In terms of autobiographical memory, to what does the phrase "reminiscence bump" refer? a. The more negative the memory, the more likely it is to be remembered. b. Older adults tend to retrieve a larger number of memories from adolescence and early adulthood than otherperiods of life
c. Once people turn a certain age, they start to forget many of the events that happened to them in earlier stagesof life. d. People tend to remember a wide range of "firsts" in recounting their personal experiences.
Erikson would argue that 80-year-old Mable is most likely confronting the psychosocial issue of
a. identity versus role confusion. b. autonomy versus self-doubt. c. industry versus inferiority. d. integrity versus despair.
A theory to explain why some conditioned responses and conditioned responses are the same and some are different is called ______.
A. response alteration theory (RAT) B. reciprocal inhibition theory (RIT) C. sometimes other response theory (SOR) D. sometimes-opponent-process theory (SOP)
Bettelheim's diathesis-stress theory of hyperactivity suggests:
a) Hyperactivity arises from a predisposition for the condition in environments where the parents are passive. b) Hyperactivity is an interaction between a predisposition for the condition and authoritarian parents. c) Children's hyperactivity are based upon unconscious drives that are manifest during times of stress. d) Hyperactivity is pervasive and due to a biological factor that arises during stress.