Compare and contrast phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory in terms of what is studied and how it is studied.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: In phenomenology, researchers are interested in understanding the experiences of individuals under certain conditions. They seek to understand what are typical perceptions of specific situations in which people find themselves. In-depth interviews are the primary mechanism through which researchers find out about the phenomena from participants.
In ethnography researchers are interested in finding out about the cultures of different groups of people. Ethnographers try to understand and describe the culture of a group of people. Ethnographers conduct extended fieldwork as either a participant or nonparticipant observer. There is a back and forth between the collection of data, its analysis and interpretation, and collecting additional data. Often during the research, the original research questions change.
In grounded theory research, researchers are trying to develop a theory based on data that have been collected about a phenomenon. Any phenomena are available for the researcher to study using grounded theory research. In grounded theory, data collection is continual and typically involves the use of interviews and observations. There is a constant interplay among the researcher, the data, and the emerging theory. The researcher has an active role in grounding their research and spends a lot of time thinking about the kind of data that need to be collected and what part of the data that are already collected apply to the theory.
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a. anecdotal observation form b. running record c. student evaluation form d. high-stakes test
Working with interdisciplinary teams to provide effective integrated curricula, library media specialists should
a. provide age-appropriate and subject-appropriate books; take advantage of technological advances; and advance the goals and objectives established by the interdisciplinary team. b. work primarily with cognitive domains where emphasis is placed on improving academic achievement and test scores. c. work primarily with affective areas where emphasis is placed on improving attitudes and feelings toward others. d. avoid active participation, since they are library specialists rather than curricular specialists.
King and her colleagues taught some students how to generate and answer questions about science lessons (questioning group) and provided no training to others (no-questioning group). On a subsequent test,
a. the questioning group performed better than the no-questioning group especiallyon problem-solving transfer tests b. the questioning group performed better than the no-questioning group especially on remembering the factual information c. both groups performed about the same on tests but the questioning group enjoyed the lesson more d. none of the above
To use mathematics in everyday life requires that we
a. ?reason.
b. ?make connections.
c. ?communicate.
d. ?make associations.