Recent research on the brains of adolescents indicates that development in the prefrontal cortex undergoes a _____ just before puberty and a(n) _____ during adolescence.
A) growth spurt; additional growth spurt
B) synaptic proliferation; synaptic pruning
C) synaptic pruning; synaptic proliferation
D) reduction in neurotransmitters; further reduction
B) synaptic proliferation; synaptic pruning
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The "Lipton Ice" and dextrose pill research demonstrated that subliminal messages are most effective when participants
a. cared very much about the issue. b. were low in self-monitoring. c. were low in the need for evaluation. d. really needed the item being advertised.
Which of the following factors increases the effectiveness of rehearsal?
a. the context in which the behavior is rehearsed b. a delay between the rehearsal and reinforcement c. immediate criticism for errors d. all of these
Which part of the neuron works less due to myelination reducing the places where sodium can enter a neuron?
A. the cell membrane B. the axon C. the sodium-potassium pump D. the dendrites
Which of these is most likely to promote high performance by African-American children on intelligence tests?
a. Label the test as a nonevaluative exercise b. Motivate the children by maximizing stereotype threat c. Enroll African-American children in remedial programs that set minimal low goals d. Tell the children that the goal is to "beat the Caucasians"