Progressive chromosomal changes as cancer develops are related to the loss of the ability to repair
____________________ in cancer cells. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
DNA damage
DNA
damage
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RNA polymerase II differs from RNA polymerase I and III by having
A) fewer amino acids at the N-terminus. B) additional amino acids at the N-terminus. C) fewer amino acids at the C-terminus. D) additional amino acids at the C-terminus. E) individual amino acids, but all three RNA polymerases are the same size.
A microbe is discovered growing near a deep sea thermal vent. When researchers bring a sample up to the surface and try to grow it in a lab at room temperature in a normal incubator, they are unsuccessful. Why?
A. The pressure isn't the same at sea level as it is on the ocean floor. B. Oxygen concentrations are very different between the two environments-it's possible the microbe is a strict anaerobe and is poisoned by the air (oxygen) in the lab. C. Salt concentrations might be different in the media the researchers are attempting to use and the salt water the microbe is used to living in. This might be causing osmotic pressure differences that the microbe can't tolerate. D. The temperature is probably different-the thermal vent would be very hot, while these researchers are trying to grow this microbe at room temperature. The enzymes in the cells are probably outside of their normal operating range at room temperature, and therefore nonfunctional. E. All of the above.
Which term describes a set of organisms that descended from a single common ancestor and are more closely related to other members of the group than to organisms outside the group?
A) paraphyletic group B) phylogeny C) species D) monophyletic group E) parsimony
The effect of a competitive inhibitor can be reversed by ____.
a) increasing inhibitor concentration b) heating the reaction mixture c) changing the pH d) massaging the enzyme e) increasing substrate concentration