When studying mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety, and the therapies used to treat them, psychologists are more likely to use the ___________ method
a. clinical
b. correlational
c. survey
d. naturalistic observation
A
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Cassandra, who has been clean and sober for many years after struggling with alcoholism, no longer has a physical addiction to alcohol. However, whenever she sees her old "drinking buddies," she begins to have cravings for alcohol. Cassandra's experience is an example of
a. insight learning. b. operant conditioning. c. classical conditioning. d. observational learning. e. negative reinforcement.
Approximately of people with illness anxiety disorders continue to show symtpoms over a long period
a. 50-70% b. 10-30% c. 25-50% d. 5-10%
Alex, your dog, has just been switched from dry dog food to canned dog food. Alex has always made a fast dash to the kitchen every time he heard the dog food bag rattling. What will be the most likely result of switching to canned food?
a. The sound of the bag will lose its status as a CS for Alex. b. Alex will immediately run to the sound of the can opener. c. Alex will continue to always come running to the sound of a bag being opened. d. None of these.
Jacques cleaned his room and his brother's room, so his father gave him a Maple Leafs jersey. Jacques' favorite hockey team is the Canadiens, so he is not inspired to clean the rooms again. His father forgot which one of these important points about operant conditioning?
A. Secondary reinforcers are more effective than primary reinforcers. B. Punishment must occur immediately after the bad behavior occurs. C. A reinforcer is not effective if the person being conditioned does not value it. D. Punishment must occur each and every time the bad behavior occurs.