A patient comes into the emergency room after being rear-ended in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse realizes that the patient most likely sustained which of the following types of injuries?
1. hyperextension
2. hyperflexion
3. axial loading
4. ankylosing spondylitis
1
Rationale: Hyperextension injuries are caused by a forward and backward motion of the head as seen in rear-end collisions. With this injury, the anterior ligaments are torn and the spinal cord is stretched. A mild form of hyperextension injury is the whiplash injury. Hyperflexion injury is most often caused by a sudden deceleration of the motion of the head or a head-on collision. Axial loading injury, or compression fracture, is caused by a vertical force along the spinal cord and is seen after diving into shallow water or jumping from tall heights and landing on the feet or buttocks. Ankylosing spondylitis can cause a non-traumatic hyperextension injury.
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