Newborns come equipped with an array of sensory capabilities. In the 1950s, the emergence of reliable nonverbal techniques for testing infants opened the floodgates for research
Two techniques that emerged during this time period were the preferential-looking technique and the habituation-dishabituation technique. Define each of these terms and explain how these research techniques help answer questions related to visual discrimination.
What will be an ideal response?
The preferential-looking technique is a technique where researchers can infer that infants can see a difference between patterns, if they consistently look longer at some patterns than at others. This technique addresses the question: "Is the perception of different forms innate or learned?" The habituation-dishabituation technique is where infants are shown a stimulus repeatedly until they respond less (habituate) to it. Then, a new stimulus is presented. This technique addresses the question: "What if infants can see the difference between stimuli, but find both stimuli to be equally interesting?"
You might also like to view...
The term "reactance" is used to refer to the tendency for people to ____
a. revert to simplistic, childlike ways of dealing with situations when they are under stress b. try to "look good" or say the "right" thing when their behavior is being observed c. pretend to feel the opposite of how they are really feeling when they are ashamed or embarrassed about their true feelings d. have an unpleasant emotional response when others are trying to restrict their freedom
The theorists who argue for a special mechanism approach to speech perception emphasize that humans have a special-purpose portion of the brain that makes speech perception easier. They call this special mechanism a
a. phonemic restoration unit. b. coarticulation device. c. phonetic module. d. categorical perception module.
Concerning the expert systems within artificial intelligence, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Expert systems have been used to analyze geological formations, play chess, read, and tell when to buy and sell stocks. b. Expert systems were developed by converting complex skills into clearly stated rules that a computer can follow. c. Outside of their little corners of expertise, these expert systems do not perform well. d. Expert systems are useful for providing an organized description of events, but not for the prediction or diagnosis of conditions or events.
Given the characteristics of small-molecule transmitters and neuropeptides, we can conclude that small-molecule transmitters a. are well-suited to roles as neurotransmitters, whereas neuropeptides are well-suited to roles as neuromodulators. b. are well-suited to roles as neuromodulators, whereas neuropeptides are well-suited to roles as neurotransmitters. c. and neuropeptides are equally
well-suited to be either neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. d. and neuropeptides frequently act as neuromodulators and neurohormones, but rarely function as neurotransmitters.