To make sure that unintended variables do not confound a study, many potential variables
a. Are kept constant, or the same, across conditions
b. Can be made to co-vary with the independent variable
c. Are ignored
d. Are transformed into another measurement scale
a
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A good way to reduce prejudice is for groups to engage in social competition
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Why would an experimenter use a pretest-posttest design rather than a between groups design to test the benefits of a new therapy even though s/he knew that maturation effects could cause difficulties of interpretation? The reason is that _____
a. it would probably take too long to use a between groups design b. maturation would be even more of a problem in the between groups design c. the treatment group would probably tell the control group about their treatment d. ethically, it would not be good to withhold a beneficial therapy from a control group
Alexis is a fourth grader who does not get along with her teacher very well
When asked why, Alexis complains that her teacher doesn't let them ask questions, doesn't let them try things on their own, and gets frustrated when the kids attempt to make things that the teacher didn't suggest. The _____ stage of psychosocial development will likely be affected for Alexis and the rest of the students in the class, and _____ may result. a) basic trust vs. mistrust; a sense of inferiority b) ego integrity vs. despair; depression c) identity vs. role confusion; an unstable sense of self d) industry vs. inferiority; a sense of inferiority
Which ethic is low among children but rises in adolescence and then becomes similar to adult use?
A. Ethic of Autonomy B. Ethic of Community C. Ethic of Culture D. Ethic of Divinity