A student nurse is completing a community health rotation. One of the clients is a pregnant teen. The student nurse has been teaching the client about infant nutrition
Which statement indicates to the student nurse that the client needs additional teaching? a. "Breast milk is all my baby will need for the first 4 to 6 months."
b. "Breast milk should be the major source of nutrition for the first year."
c. "My baby won't need as many calories per kilogram as I will."
d. "Breastfeeding my baby will decrease the chances for food allergies."
C
The baby needs more calories than the mother, so this misinformation needs to be clarified. The woman who is lactating needs 500 kcal/day above the usual allowance because the production of milk increases energy requirements. Infants need an energy intake of approximately 108 kcal/kg of body weight in the first half of infancy and 98 kcal/kg in the second half. Infants need about 100 to 120 mL/kg/day of fluid because a large portion of total body weight is water. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breast milk or formula as the major source of food for up to 1 year in age. Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition for the first 4 to 6 months of life. The benefits of breastfeeding include reduced food allergies and intolerances, fewer infant infections, and easier digestion. In addition, breast milk is convenient, fresh, always the correct temperature, and economical, because it is less expensive than formula. Infants should not have regular cow's milk during the first year of life. Infants receiving cow's milk have been found to have lower intakes of iron, linoleic acid, and vitamin E; and excessive amounts of sodium, potassium, and protein.
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The nurse is performing a physical assessment for the client and identifies a venous hum while auscultating the client's abdomen. Which statement by the nurse is the most consistent with this type of vascular sound?
1. "The sound is a blowing, pulsing sound." 2. "The sound is soft and constant. The pitch of the sound is low." 3. "It is grating, rough sound." 4. "It is tinkling and has a high pitch. The sound is sort of gurgling and irregular."
A pregnant client at 16 weeks' gestation has a hematocrit of 35%. Her prepregnancy hematocrit was 40%. Which of the following statements by the nurse best explains this change?
1. "Because of your pregnancy, you're not making enough red blood cells." 2. Because your blood volume has increased, your hematocrit count is lower." 3. This change could indicate a serious problem that might harm your baby." 4. "You're not eating enough iron-rich foods like meat."
A 38-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital in Addisonian crisis. Which patient statement supports a nursing diagnosis of ineffective self-health management related to lack of knowledge about management of Addison's disease?
a. "I frequently eat at restaurants, and my food has a lot of added salt." b. "I had the stomach flu earlier this week, so I couldn't take the hydrocortisone." c. "I always double my dose of hydrocortisone on the days that I go for a long run." d. "I take twice as much hydrocortisone in the morning dose as I do in the afternoon."
When obtaining a history from a client who displays passive-aggressive or negativistic personality behaviors, the clinician expects to find which description of how the client was cared for during early childhood?
a. indulgence and encouragement for the child to continue infantile behaviors b. abrupt loss of nurturance, followed by unfair or excessive developmental demands c. parents who were overly protective and did not allow the child to do things for him- or herself d. parents who encouraged and praised all decisions the child made for him- or herself