When glucose (C6H12O6) is oxidized to CO2 and water in cellular respiration, approximately 40% of the energy content of glucose is transferred to
A) the citric acid cycle.
B) glycolysis.
C) ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
D) heat.
E) oxygen (O2).
Ans: C) ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
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Individual skeletal muscle cells are packed with cylindrical contractile elements about 1 mm in diameter called ____
a. muscle fibers b. sarcomeres c. tendons d. ligaments e. myofibrils
Which of the following do I need to amplify the DNA for gene X and not for gene Y?
a. Some prior knowledge of the sequence of gene X so appropriate primers can be designed. b. a heat-stable DNA polymerase c. restriction endonucleases that cut gene X and not gene Y d. plasmid vectors that have multiple antibiotic resistance genes. e. A cDNA library and access to probes for gene X
Which of the following factors influence the rise in ventilation during exercise? (Select all that apply.)
a. A rise in K+ in the blood during heavy exercise b. A drop in PO2 in the blood c. Feedback from sensory neurons in the skeletal muscles d. Input from centers of the brain driving locomotion
Plasma membranes, the key boundary layer of cells, are composed of amphipathic molecules called phospholipids. Why would neither purely hydrophilic nor purely hydrophobic molecules be a suitable molecule for plasma membranes?
A) Hydrophobic molecules would dissolve in the aqueous environment in which cells live, disrupting the structural integrity of the cell, while hydrophilic molecules could not interact. B) Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules would dissolve in the aqueous environment in which cells live, disrupting the structural integrity of the cell. C) Hydrophilic molecules would dissolve in the aqueous environment in which cells live, disrupting the structural integrity of the cell. D) Hydrophobic molecules would be unable to interact with the aqueous environment in which cells live. E) Hydrophilic molecules would dissolve in the aqueous environment in which cells live, disrupting the structural integrity of the cell, and hydrophobic molecules would be unable to interact with the aqueous environment in which cells live.