Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals were ____.
A. skinnier
B. shorter
C. more numerous
D. more widely dispersed
E. small brained
Answer: B
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Which of the following is NOT true about the eukaryotic cell cycle?
A. There are two stages to the cell cycle: M phase and interphase. B. The M phase consists of two events: mitosis and cytokinesis. C. Interphase is typically the shortest of the two stages of the cell cycle. D. There are three phases of interphase: the S phase and two gap phases. E. Some cells pause between M phase and S phase for more than a year. F. Some cells pause between the first gap phase and S phase for more than a year.
An individual whose resident normal microbiota overgrows the other indigenous organisms resulting in disease may be a result of:
a. the patient has received antibiotic treat-ment killing off some of the protective resident microbiota. b. become immunocompromised or unable to fight off infection in normal conditions. c. maybe suffering from a debilitating dis-ease resulting in a decreased balance be-tween normal microbiota and pathogenic organisms. d. all of the scenarios are potentially asso-ciated with the development of disease.
A colleague insists on using inexpensive plastic flasks for experiments, which she claims has never been a problem until her most recent carbohydrate hydrolysis tests. After adding enzymes to a solution containing a polymer reactant, she took a short break, then came back to find all of her flasks melted and her experiment ruined. Your colleague suspects sabotage, but you realize immediately that the answer is much simpler. Why did the flasks melt?
a. Plastic is a polymer, and the addition of an enzyme to the carbohydrate solution was sufficient to reduce the plastic flasks into their base monomers. b. Hydrolysis reactions require significant energy input to break polymer bonds; she melted her flasks by leaving them unsupervised over lit Bunsen burners. c. Hydrolysis reactions release energy when polymer bonds are broken. The addition of an enzyme catalyst accelerated the reaction, producing enough waste heat to melt the flasks. d. Carbohydrate solutions are breeding grounds for microorganisms that metabolize plastic; even in a laboratory environment, plenty of microbes would exist to devour the flasks from within.
The concentrations of ions are very different inside and outside a nerve cell due to _____
A) osmosis B) diffusion C) sodium-potassium pumps D) symports and antiports