Pain should be assessed regularly in all newborn infants. If the infant is displaying physiologic or behavioral cues indicating pain, measures should be taken to manage the pain
Examples of nonpharmacologic pain management techniques include (Select all that apply):
a. Swaddling.
b. Nonnutritive sucking.
c. Skin-to-skin contact with the mother.
d. Sucrose.
e. Acetaminophen.
ANS: A, B, C, D
Swaddling, nonnutritive sucking, skin-to-skin contact with the mother, and sucrose are all appro-priate nonpharmacologic techniques used to manage pain in neonates. Acetaminophen is a phar-macologic method of treating pain.
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