Which of the following does NOT accurately describe a positive element of shock probation?
A. Offenders are impressed with the seriousness of their actions without a long prison sentence.
B. The deterrent effect may be enhanced by the strong community ties associated with incarceration.
C. Offenders who can be rehabilitated receive community-based treatment but also a deterrent sentence.
D. Offenders are less likely to be absorbed into the inmate culture.
B. The deterrent effect may be enhanced by the strong community ties associated with incarceration.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The United States has a higher imprisonment rate than Saudi Arabia. 2. Eight states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana. 3. Since 2010, the number of parole violators returned to prison has increased. 4. Between 1992 and 2009, the length of the average prison sentence given by state courts increased. 5. The effort to professionalize corrections has yielded consistent fruit.
Which of the following may explain why public opinion polling found that 70% of the public are more distrustful of their judges than they have been in the past?
A. States are increasingly moving to political judicial selection methods, rather than merit-based selection. B. Judges are increasingly recusing themselves from cases where they have personal, political, or financial connections to the parties involved in the case. C. Several states have passed laws eliminating political fundraising by judicial candidates. D. Special interest groups have dramatically increased their funding of judicial elections, often while pressuring candidates to openly share their political views.
. Statistical controls allow researchers to reduce the risk of spurious attributions of causality in nonexperimental research. The value of this for establishing causality is:
a. Weakened due to the inability to meet the criterion of time order in nonexperimental research b. Weakened due to the inability to meet the criterion of association c. Weakened due to the inability to control for all extraneous variables d. Stronger than the value of random assignment for establishing causality in experimental research
In 1987, the American Probation and Parole Association voiced its objection to parole and undertook efforts to abolish it.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)