Explain why it is important for an amino acid chain to fold up correctly in order for the protein to function
A strand of protein is not straight; it is more like a tangled chain. The amino acids at different places along the strand are attracted to one another, and this attraction causes the strand to coil into a shape similar to that of a metal spring. Not only does the strand of amino acids form a long coil, but the coil tangles, forming a globular structure.
The charged amino acids are attracted to water, and in the body fluids they orient themselves on the outside of the globular structure. The neutral amino acids are repelled by water and are attracted to one another; they tuck themselves into the center, away from the body fluids. All these interactions among the amino acids and the surrounding fluid result in the unique architecture of each type of protein. Additional steps may be needed for the protein to become functional. A mineral or a vitamin may be needed to complete the unit and activate it, or several proteins may gather to form a functioning group.
The differing shapes of proteins enable them to perform different tasks in the body. In proteins that give strength and elasticity to body parts, several springs of amino acids coil together and form rope-like fibers. Other proteins, like those in the blood, do not have such structural strength but are water-soluble, with a globular shape like a ball of steel wool. Some are shaped like hollow balls that can carry and store minerals in their interiors. Still others provide support to tissues. Some—the enzymes—act on other substances to change them chemically.
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Define lipids and describe the three types of lipids. Explain how the chemical characteristics of lipids make them different from carbohydrates and protein.
What will be an ideal response?
_____ deliver blood from the lungs to the heart while _____ deliver blood from the heart to the lungs.
a. pulmonary arteries; pulmonary veins b. pulmonary veins; pulmonary arteries c. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava d. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava
Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A technique that can trick the body into storing extra fuel for endurance competition is known as ____
a. overloading b. intensity training c. glycogen depletion d. carbohydrate loading e. fiber restricting