Briefly compare and contrast the concepts of constructive and joint possession against actual (regular) possession. State why you believe constructive and joint possession should or should not be permissible as legal offenses.
What will be an ideal response?
Constructive possession is when an object or contraband is outside of an individual’s actual physical control but over which he or she exercises control through access to the location. Joint possession is when a number of individuals exercise control over an object or contraband. These two types of possession differ from actual possession, which means that an object or contraband is within an individual’s physical possession or immediate reach. It is much more difficult to convict a defendant of constructive possession because the amount of control a person has over an object or an area where the object is, is not always clear. With joint possession, it is also difficult to determine who actually controls an object or the area where the object is.
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A criminal justice professional who does not understand criminal justice research is comparable to a ______.
a. professor who does not use the Internet b. doctor who does not know about various diseases c. child who is lactose-intolerant d. student who spends too much time playing video games
Felix Padilla's study of a Puerto Rican street gang in Chicago used which research methods?
a. Observational and biographical methods b. Biographical and cohort analysis methods c. Comparative and patterns-of-crime methods d. Observational and cohort analysis methods
According to Akers and Burgess, _________________ occurs when deviant and conventional behaviors are learned and reinforced by interactions with others
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
What is known about police and certainty of punishment?
a. Research indicates that routine patrol may have a significant impact on crime rates. b. Adding police on the street has no effect on crime rates. c. Evidence shows that cities with larger police departments do not experience lower levels of violent crime. d. The manner in which police approach their tasks may have more deterrence power than simply adding more police.