Explain the three types of anomalies associated with database tables that have not been normalized
The update anomaly is the result of data redundancy. If a data element is stored in more than one place, it must be updated in all places. If this does not happen, the data are inconsistent.
The insertion anomaly occurs when too data is stored together, such as when vendor information is only stored with specific inventory items. Until items are purchased from a given vendor, the vendor cannot be added to the database.
The deletion anomaly involves the unintentional deletion of data from a table. If a vendor supplies only one item, and the firm discontinues that item, all information on the vendor is lost when vendor information is only stored with specific inventory items.
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Which of the following events (transactions) is an internal event for a business entity?
a. An accountant provides services for clients. b. An accountant purchases computer equipment to maintain business records and prepare legal documents. c. An accountant receives cash payments from clients for services performed. d. Periodically, part of the cost of the computer equipment used by an accountant is assigned to depreciation expenses.
When using punishment, a manager should
A. ignore undesirable behaviors. B. save reprimands until the end of the workday, or preferably before a weekend. C. do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement. D. make sure that other employees witness the punishment. E. punish even minor infractions, to appear consistent.
Raul told his protégé, "Bill, during your career as a manager, you will sometimes encounter problems with upward communications from your employees. For example, your employees may filter what they tell you, share only good news, and suppress bad news for several reasons, including they
A. want to appear competent; they mistrust you; and they do not want to shield you from problems." B. want to appear competent; they fear you will ‘punish the messenger'; and they believe they are helping you." C. want to appear competent; they trust you implicitly; and they believe they are helping you." D. do not trust you; they fear you will ‘punish the messenger'; and they do not want to shield you from problems." E. trust you implicitly; they fear you will ‘punish the messenger'; and they believe they are helping you."
In bivariate regression, which statement is true concerning the coefficient of determination, r2?
A) r2 is the square of the simple correlation coefficient obtained by correlating the two variables. B) r2 varies between 0 and 1. C) r2 signifies the proportion of the total variation in Y accounted for by the variation in X. D) All are correct.