Which of the following conditions is usually associated with clubbing?
a. Central cyanosis c. Carbon monoxide poisoning
b. Peripheral cyanosis d. Acute hypoxemia
A
Clubbing in the nail bed is a sign associated with longstanding central cyanotic heart disease or pulmonary disease with hypoxemia. Peripheral cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the nail bed, is seen more commonly. Peripheral cyanosis results from a reduction in the quantity of oxygen in the peripheral extremities from arterial disease or decreased cardiac output. Central cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the tongue and sublingual area. Multiracial studies indicate that the tongue is the most sensitive site for observation of central cyanosis.
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A nurse auscultates rhonchi when assessing a patient's lungs. This lung sound can be differentiated from crackles (rales) in that rhonchi
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A client has just begun therapy with lithium (Eskalith). The nurse notices the serum level of lithium for this client is
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