Miss Johnson gave Mark and Tia equal sized lumps of clay. Tia immediately rolled hers into a long shape. Mark cried and complained that Tia had received more clay. Mark's behavior represents:
A) an inability to accommodate.
B) an inability to conserve.
C) difficulty with formal operational tasks.
D) an inability to assimilate.
Answer: B
Rationale: Conservation is the knowledge that the quantity or amount of an object is not related to the physical arrangement and appearance of that object. In this example, Mark does not understand that the total amount of clay is conserved as it is reshaped.
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Lazarus (1966) added more psychological components to the process of stress. Lazarus indicated that stress:
a. was the upsetting of the homeostasis. b. has psychosocial stress which reflects the subject's inability to forestall or diminish perception recall and anticipation. c. a substantial imbalance between environmental demand and the response capability of the focal organism. d. is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize.
Older adults' reduced performance on declarative memory tasks when they are reminded of the negative age stereotype is probably the result of such reminders:
a. decreasing the positivity bias. b. taxing their prospective memory. c. decreasing the Flynn effect d. consuming more working memory capacity.
If a client said to you, "My roommate told me that she has other friends on campus, so I think that she must completely hate me," what sort of cognitive error would this be considered?
A)learned helplessness B)dichotomous thinking C)catastrophizing D)selective abstraction
Respites for caregivers of those with dementia:
a) Are typically not helpful. b) Are used too little and often too late. c) Are helpful for the patient as well as the caregiver d) Can be expensive and therefore create more stress than it's worth.