Compare and contrast Adlerian and Psychoanalytic theory. How do these theories resemble and differ from each other in respect to viewing human nature, the role of the counselor, and goals?
What will be an ideal response?
Psychoanalytic theory versus Adlerian theory:
• Psychoanalytic theory
• Founders and developers: Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, and Heinz Kohut
• View of human nature:
• Conscious mind, preconscious mind, unconscious mind
• Id, ego, superego
• Psychosexual developmental stages
• Fixation and defense mechanisms
• Role of the counselor: experts who help clients gain insights by working through unresolved past experiences; transference and interpretation encouraged
• Techniques: free association, dream analysis, analysis of transference, analysis of resistance, interpretation
• Adlerian theory
• Founders and developers: Alfred Adler (pupil of Freud)
• View of Human nature:
• People motivated not by psychosexual desires but by social interest
• Striving for perfection
• Inferiority and superiority complexes
• Style of life
• Role of the counselor: diagnosticians, teachers, and models in an egalitarian relationship; assess why clients are oriented to a certain way of thinking and behaving; emphasis placed on family constellation and earliest memories; active in sharing hunches or guesses; often directive
• Techniques: confrontation, asking “the question,” encouragement, acting “as if,” spitting in the client’s soup, catching oneself, task setting, push button
• Similarities
• Belief in unconscious motivation – one regarding psychosexual impulses, the other, social interest
• Belief in the strong influence of past experiences.
• Directiveness in session, teaching, and interpretation
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