Researchers typically encounter or use three types of hypotheses in their work: null, nondirectional, and directional. Define each type, and provide an example of each using the variables of student time spent in school and student scores in standardized tests.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: A null hypothesis states that no effect will occur in a study or that no differences will be found between variables in a study; a nondirectional hypothesis states that there will be some sort of effect discovered, but the effect or relationship cannot be predicted; a directional hypothesis states that an effect or relationship will be found and also specifies what the nature of the relationship will be. An example of a null hypothesis would be, “I predict that there will be no relationship found connecting the number of hours students spend in school with their standardized test scores.” An example of a nondirectional hypothesis would be, “I predict that there will be a relationship between time spent in school and standardized test scores, but I cannot predict what that relationship will be.” An example of a directional hypothesis would be, “I predict that there will be a positive correlation between time spent in school and student scores on standardized tests.”
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