Kathleen is 2 years old. She very much wants to do things for herself—dressing herself, brushing her teeth, and so on—in the morning. Most of the time her mother will not let her do such things because she is so slow and clumsy. Today Mom tells Kathleen she can dress herself, but before long Mom is saying: "Kathleen, you've got your pants on backwards again! Can't you ever put your clothes on
right? Here, let me do it. You're making me late for work." If Kathleen hears this kind of talk very often, Erikson suggests that Kathleen might be at risk for developing a sense of:
a. mistrust (rather than trust)
b. guilt (rather than initiative)
c. inferiority (rather than industry)
d. shame and doubt (rather than autonomy)
D
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SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Parents who do not visit their child’s school
a. may feel intimidated by school personnel whom they consider to be authority figures b. may be working more than one job or reluctant to hear once again that their child is in trouble c. had negative school experiences as students themselves d. simply don’t care about their child’s education
Parenthood is a __________ construct
A. legal B. emotional C. psychological D. social
Which one of the following statements best describes behaviorists' two-step theory of avoidance learning?
a. Avoidance of the aversive stimulus is negatively reinforced by the presence of the pre-aversive stimulus. b. Remaining in the situation is punished by the aversive stimulus; avoiding it is positively reinforced by the pre-aversive stimulus. c. Fear of the pre-aversive stimulus is classically conditioned, and escape from that stimulus is negatively reinforced. d. Escape responses occur prior to avoidance responses.
Teachers often find it necessary to take action in situations in which all the facts are not known or for which no single course of action can be called right or wrong. These situations are often referred to as _______
A. ethical dilemmas B. moral destruction C. management and discipline D. risk management