Many amphibians now face extinction, and one cause
is believed to be a __________ fungus. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Answer: chytrid
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The diaphragm is a sheet-like skeletal muscle that separates the
(a) thoracic and pleural cavities. (b) thoracic and pericardial cavities. (c) thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. (d) pleural and pericardial cavities.
In the alveoli
A. oxygen diffuses into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood. B. oxygen diffuses out of the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood. C. both oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse out of the blood. D. both oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood. E. no exchange with the blood occurs.
You are interested in developing an inhibitor for the estrogen receptor. You have identified a molecule that is small and hydrophilic. In a test tube, this inhibitor binds tightly to the estrogen receptor, and inhibits the interaction of the receptor with estrogen. Do you think that this molecule will be an effective inhibitor of the estrogen receptor in cells?
A. No, because it will need to bind to the DNA-binding domain to act as an inhibitor. B. No, because it is hydrophilic. C. Yes, because it can prevent estrogen binding. D. Yes, because it is small.
What is the mechanism by which binding of testosterone to the testosterone receptor leads to upregulated gene transcription?
A. Binding of testosterone to the testosterone receptor leads to the activation of a G protein that stimulates the activation of enzymes that promote gene transcription. B. Binding of testosterone to the testosterone receptor leads to the opening of an ion channel that leads to an increase in calcium in the cytoplasm. The increased calcium levels activate calmodulin, which can go on to activate other proteins that promote gene transcription. C. Binding of testosterone to the testosterone receptor leads to the increase in second messengers that activate a kinase cascade, ultimately leading to the activation of transcription factors that promote gene transcription. D. Binding of testosterone to the testosterone receptor activates guanylyl cyclase, and the resulting cGMP promotes gene transcription. E. Binding of testosterone to the testosterone receptor leads to a conformational change that allows the receptor to enter the nucleus where it can bind to DNA and promote gene transcription.