During the 1960s, a group of scientists in the northeastern United States conducted an experiment at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire. A 38-acre watershed was completely deforested and the runoff (water flow) monitored for several years. It was compared to an adjacent watershed that was left untouched. The scientists collected data during those years and found
A. no difference in the amount of runoff from the two areas.
B. an insignificant difference in the amount of nitrogen from the two areas.
C. a tremendous increase in the total amount of runoff from Hubbard Brook although the loss of nitrogen was fairly consistent in both areas.
D. a tremendous increase in the amount of runoff and nitrogen release from Hubbard Brook compared to the control.
D. a tremendous increase in the amount of runoff and nitrogen release from Hubbard Brook compared to the control.
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The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of _____
A) increased turgor and increased growth B) mineral transport and increased growth C) evaporative cooling and increased turgor D) evaporative cooling and mineral transport
The principal structural components of cilia and flagella are
a. actin microfilaments. b. myosin microfilaments. c. intermediate filaments. d. microtubules. e. collagen fibers.
Muscle contraction is an example of which of the following types of work?
A) heat B) mechanical C) bioluminescent D) electrical E) concentration
In the cladogram shown, the animals across the top are a lancelet, lamprey, salmon, lizard, and rabbit (from left to right). If the salmon, lizard, and rabbit are an ingroup, which animals make up the outgroup, and which characteristics are synapomorphies of the ingroup? 
A. Lamprey and lancelet; notochord and vertebrae B. Lancelet, lamprey and salmon; notochord, vertebrae, and a hinged jaw. C. Lancelet and lamprey; hinged jaw. D. Lancelet only; notochord, vertebrae, hinged jaw, tetrapod, and mammary glands. E. Lizard and rabbit; tetrapod and mammary glands.