A 78-year-old client is admitted with a diagnosis of left-sided congestive heart failure. When assessing the client, what signs and symptoms can the nurse expect to find?
A)
peripheral dependent edema and bradycardia
B)
signs of fluid volume deficit, hypokalemia, and hypernatremia
C)
dyspnea, orthopnea, and cough
D)
enlarged liver, venous congestion, and distended neck veins
C
Explanation:
A)
Manifestations of left-sided heart failure are the result of pulmonary congestion and decreased cardiac output. Impaired left ventricular emptying causes a backup of fluids in the pulmonary vascular system. Peripheral edema, liver congestion, and distended neck veins are seen with right-sided failure. Signs of fluid volume excess, not deficit, would be seen.
Application
Assessment
Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
B)
Manifestations of left-sided heart failure are the result of pulmonary congestion and decreased cardiac output. Impaired left ventricular emptying causes a backup of fluids in the pulmonary vascular system. Peripheral edema, liver congestion, and distended neck veins are seen with right-sided failure. Signs of fluid volume excess, not deficit, would be seen.
Application
Assessment
Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
C)
Manifestations of left-sided heart failure are the result of pulmonary congestion and decreased cardiac output. Impaired left ventricular emptying causes a backup of fluids in the pulmonary vascular system. Peripheral edema, liver congestion, and distended neck veins are seen with right-sided failure. Signs of fluid volume excess, not deficit, would be seen.
Application
Assessment
Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
D)
Manifestations of left-sided heart failure are the result of pulmonary congestion and decreased cardiac output. Impaired left ventricular emptying causes a backup of fluids in the pulmonary vascular system. Peripheral edema, liver congestion, and distended neck veins are seen with right-sided failure. Signs of fluid volume excess, not deficit, would be seen.
Application
Assessment
Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
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