Which of the following observations by the nurse are representative of the symptomology of an epidural hematoma (EDH)? Select all that apply
1. History of unconsciousness immediately after trauma
2. Dilated pupil on the same side as the injury
3. Rapid deterioration of level of consciousness
4. Period of lucidity prior to onset of symptoms
5. Muscle weakness on the side opposite the head injury
1. History of unconsciousness immediately after trauma
2. Dilated pupil on the same side as the injury
3. Rapid deterioration of level of consciousness
4. Period of lucidity prior to onset of symptoms
Rationale: History of unconsciousness immediately after trauma. Classic clinical presentation of EDH is characterized by an immediate post-traumatic period of unconsciousness, followed by a lucid interval, which can last from minutes to hours. Dilated pupil on the same side as the injury. Possible signs and symptoms include an enlarging pupil on the same side of the injury (ipsilateral). Rapid deterioration of level of consciousness. A rapid deterioration in level of consciousness may follow. Period of lucidity prior to onset of symptoms. Classic clinical presentation of EDH is characterized by an immediate post-traumatic period of unconsciousness, followed by a lucid interval, which can last from minutes to hours. Muscle weakness on the side opposite the head injury. Hemiparesis (muscle weakness) of the contralateral arm and leg (opposite side from the injury) may be present with an acute subdural hematoma.
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