Explain the difference between spatial and propositional representations.
What will be an ideal response?
Spatial representations are based on mental images and are processed in similar ways as the objects or scenes are perceived. For example, if we see a map, we may move our eyes to scan it. A spatial representation of that map may involve moving our attention to scan a mental image of the map. Propositional representations are based on abstract representations of the objects or scenes. Something like a map may consist of representations of the places, features, and relationships between elements (e.g., cities, roads, forests, which roads connect which cities, how long the roads are, etc.).
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A psychologist gives the same test to a client twice. The tests are separated by six days. If the test results are quite dissimilar, we could say that the test has weak ____
a. test-retest reliability b. interrater reliability c. internal consistency d. predictive validity
Beck's cognitive therapy is designed to:
a. challenge irrational beliefs directly through aggressive confrontation b. be genuine and empathic and treat the client with unconditional positive regard c. help clients identify negative forms of thinking for themselves d. help clients accept responsibility for fundamental choices they have made
Humans experience a "stream of consciousness" rather than discrete choppy impressions because
a. saccadic eye movements create perceptions at a rate of approximately 20 per second, making the images seem continuous. b. short-term memories overlap, which gives the impression of a single perception. c. sensory memory briefly holds perceptions, making them seem connected. d. perceptions in short-term memory are not stored, but rather are constantly replaced with new perceptions.
A research design that involves collecting data from individuals throughout the course of
their lives is called a(n) __________ study. Fill in the blanks with correct word