What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?
a. Abusers are more likely to experience prejudice and discrimination.
b. It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.
c. Abusers may be more likely to hide their abuse and avoid seeking help.
d. No physical or emotional pain is associated with these behaviors.
e. It can lead to increased feelings of shame and guilt.
b. It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.
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According to Freud, id functions are ____, while superego functions are ____
a. ?innate; learned b. ?sexual; aggressive c. ?rational; irrational d. ?based on the pleasure principle; based on the reality principle
Which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and emotion?
A. Neuroticism is related to feeling more negative emotion than positive emotion in daily life. B. Neuroticism is related to feeling positive emotion more often than negative emotion. C. Neuroticism is a personality trait and therefore not related to emotional experience. D. Neuroticism is related to extreme emotions, both positive and negative.
Alcohol may affect the endocannabinoid system by:
a. having direct actions on tetrahydrocannabinol. b. acting on the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. c. acting on the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. d. limiting tetrahydrocannabinol absorption through the intestines.
Stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are removed are called __________.
A. positive reinforcers B. negative reinforcers C. punishers D. aversive conditioners