Describe two of the physiologic processes that contribute to primary hypertension.
What will be an ideal response?
Primary hypertension develops over a period of years in response to changes in the arteries, kidneys, and sodium/ potassium balance. As we age, our arteries tend to narrow and become more rigid through a process called arteriosclerosis. Additionally, endothelial cells that line the arteries often release vasoconstrictors, substances that cause the arteries to constrict, in response to arterial damage, poor blood flow, stress, and other factors. Although these events alone can result in increased blood pressure, their additive effects on kidney function increase arterial pressure. In response to this, the kidney releases more renin, causing the formation of additional angiotensin II enzyme (see Fig. 14-9). Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor that triggers the kidney's retention of sodium and water. Diets high in sodium and low in potassium worsen these physiological changes. Over time, the result is elevation of blood pressure.
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The percent Daily Value on a food label are based on a 2200 kcal dietary pattern.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)
1. Excessive magnesium from foods such as leafy green vegetables, and legumes are not likely to lead to toxicity symptoms. 2. Hypophosphatemia symptoms include: muscle weakness, bone pain, rickets in children, confusion, and, at the extreme, death. 3. Phosphorus is a structural component of bones and teeth, it uses energy as part of ATP, acts as an acid-base buffer, and is used to break down DNA and RNA.
Which patient is at greatest risk for osteoporosis?
The amount of energy in calories per gram that is absorbed or emitted as a substance undergoes a change from a solid to a liquid or gas is called
A. latent heat. B. specific heat. C. melting point. D. heat of vaporization. E. heat of solidification.