When Simon was fixing his doorbell last month, he received an electric shock. Now he is reluctant to do any more electrical work around the house. Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that for Simon, the electric shock acted as a:
a. negative punisher
b. conditioned stimulus
c. positive punisher
d. negative reinforcer
C
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Ralph admires feminists but feels threatened by them at the same time. According to research described in your text, how might this combination affect Ralph’s judgments and behavior?
a. The feelings of threat will dominate, causing negative evaluations of feminists he encounters. b. The admiration of feminists will dominate, causing positive evaluations of feminists he encounters. c. The admiration and feelings of threat will cancel each other out, causing neutral evaluations of feminists he encounters. d. He will show polarized reactions to the feminists he encounters, depending on whether their behavior taps his admiration or feelings of threat.
Ethologists have generally subscribed to the view that emotions evolved as
a. movements of expression. c. part of shared attention. b. survival mechanisms. d. early guides to ethical behavior.
According to the article Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Ad? about fear appeals inadvertising, the
dependent variable in the study was (a) content of advertisements (b) owning, or not owning, a stun-gun (c) the intensity of stun-gun shock (d) various questionnaire measures
Don tells Ray that he wants to get a new sports car. Ray immediately understands why because he is familiar with the common characteristics of sports cars and knows what makes them different from family cars. Ray is using mental categories called __________.
A. classes B. concepts C. attributes D. classifications