During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a _____.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Cyst
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Your colleagues are attempting to study the citric acid cycle in the lab. To do so, they have dissolved oxaloacetate in water, then stirred in sufficient quantities of every required enzyme, coenzyme, and oxidizing agent, before adding ADP and acetyl CoA. After waiting a sufficient period of time, they test the solution for ATP and are disappointed to find significantly less ATP than expected. What is the flaw in their experiment?
a. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is not water soluble and is unable to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA outside mitochondria. b. Stirring the solution will introduce oxygen molecules, which will bond to ADP, preventing further phosphorylation. c. Without subsequent pathways to oxidize NADH and FADH2, no NAD+ and FAD are available to continue the cycle. d. ADP molecules spontaneously dephosphorylate in the presence of acetyl CoA outside of mitochondria.
Photosynthetic bacteria are examples of autotrophs
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
When NADPH _____ electrons and hydrogen ions in the carbon reactions, NADP+ is formed through _____.
A. accepts, reduction B. donates, oxidation C. accepts, oxidation D. donates, reduction
Purified protein from Bordetella pertussis is used in a(n)
A) conjugated vaccine. B) subunit vaccine. C) nucleic acid vaccine. D) attenuated whole-agent vaccine. E) toxoid vaccine.