Which of the following describes the testing effect?

a. This occurs when participants’ exposure to repeated measurement influences their responses.
b. This occurs when participants’ behavior is influenced by the knowledge that they are being observed.
c. This occurs when participants interaction with one another influences their behavior.
d. This occurs when some characteristic of the researcher affects participants' responses.


Answer a

Communication & Mass Media

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Phatic communication is also referred to as

A) message overload. B) more efficient. C) small talk. D) neutral communication.

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Which dimension of cultural variation refers to the extent to which a culture values aggressiveness, competitiveness, looking out for yourself, and dominating others and nature?

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