Which patients would be candidates for genetic testing for long QT syndrome (LQTS). (Select all that apply.)
a. Patients with prolonged QT interval during a cardiac and genetic work-up
b. Family history of positive genotype and negative phenotype.
c. Patients diagnosed with torsades de pointes
d. Family history of sudden cardiac death
e. Family history of bleeding disorders
f. Family history of obesity
A, B, C, D
Clinical genetic testing is available for LQTS. Genetic testing is very helpful within families of patients with LQTS. If the family member has a prolonged QTc interval, the reasonable assumption during the cardiac and genetic work-up is that the person has the mutation. It is also important to test family members with normal QTc intervals because up to 50% have "concealed" LQTS, meaning they have a positive genotype and negative phenotype (normal QT on the resting ECG). This is because of a genetic concept termed penetrance, in which the same gene does not have the same phenotypic effect on everyone who is affected. If a person carries the genetic mutation but has a normal QT interval at rest, he or she may still be vulnerable during exercise or physiologic stress. Frequently patients are identified after a syncopal episode, a life-threatening dysrhythmia such as torsades de pointes, or SCD. Hemophilia A and B are associated with bleeding disorders. The FTO gene is associated with obesity.
You might also like to view...
A nurse is aware that the concepts of genotype and phenotype must be included in any consideration of pharmacogenetics. Which of the following statements is true of these concepts?
A) Genotype is an expression of DNA, but phenotype is a cultural concept. B) Genotype is easily modifiable, but phenotype is not modifiable. C) Genotype is a consequence of the genetic makeup of an individual's parents while phenotype is unique to every individual. D) Genotype is the composition of person's DNA, but phenotype is the manifestation of these genes.
The nurse is providing care for an elderly client who has been discharged. The client is ordered to take atorvastatin (Lipitor) for the treatment of elevated cholesterol
What precautions should the nurse advise the client to report to the healthcare provider? A) shortness of breath B) muscle pain and weakness C) headaches D) bruising and excessive bleeding
To have Lyme disease, the tick must be attached for 36 to 48 hours
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which statements regarding prototype drugs are not accurate? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected
1. A nurse can apply understanding of the effects of a prototype drug to other drugs in the same class. 2. Understanding the effects of the prototype drug does not help the nurse to understand the effects of other drugs in the same class. 3. The mechanism of action is different for the prototype drug than for other drugs in the same class. 4. The most commonly used drug in a specific class is always the most widely prescribed drug. 5. Prototype drugs rarely cause drug resistance.