Which of the following statements best describes the cocktail party effect?
A. The ability to create a false sensory perception not related to real external stimuli.
B. A mental state that occurs in compliance with instructions and is characterized by lack of voluntary control over behavior.
C. A strong urge to nap at inappropriate times, such as during meals or in the middle of conversations.
D. The ability to filter out auditory stimuli and then to refocus attention on something that appears more meaningful.
Answer: D
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Martin Seligman studied the case of a young marine who was being held prisoner during the Vietnam War. When the marine was not released on the date promised, he immediately lapsed into a deep depression, refused to eat or drink, and died shortly after. According to Seligman, this case illustrated the concept of
a. sublimation. b. approach-avoidance conflict. c. learned helplessness. d. reaction formation.
At the gym, you run into Jake. Jake is unshaven and is wearing ragged clothes and no-name tennis shoes and he is also very sweaty. He asks you if you want to play some basketball. You think that Jake is a loser and say no. This best illustrates:
a. social cognition b. situational attribution c. how groupthink influences individual behavior d. the influence of person perception on behavior
Shasta abuses opiate drugs. Because receptors for the opiate drugs are found in the _____, one serious side effect of an overdose would be Shasta having suppressed breathing and heart rate.
A. medulla B. cerebellum C. pons D. hypothalamus
Just for fun, you thought that it might be interesting to see how your 3-month-old stepbrother would act if you showed no emotion at all and simply looked at him for a few minutes. How did your stepbrother react?
a. he laughed and giggled b. he slapped his hands together c. he was distressed d. he was happy and reached for you