Secondary effects for this type of injury result from teh complications initiated by the injury and may occur over days following the insult
These may include the following: inflammatory response, oxidative stress, ischemia, hypoxia and increased intracranial pressure. Discuss three of these complications and how they may impact Mr. Walker's hospitalization and recovery.
• Inflammatory response: the inflammatory response results in beneficial and detrimental effects related to the roles of various inflammatory mediators and cytokines; results in increased intracranial pressure and impaired cerebral perfusion pressure cause these effects
• Oxidative stress: leads to the secondary damage of neurons, glia, and axons
• Ischemia: reduced blood flow to the neuronal tissue due to the increased cranial pressure can reduce the delivery of nutrients needed for recovery and decrease the removal of toxic metabolites from the damaged tissue
• Hypoxia: this is related to the lack of blood flow and further damage may result due to the lack of oxygen to supply the energetic needs of the recovering damaged tissue
• Increased intracranial pressure: the elevated intracranial pressure results in poor tissue perfusion which may lead to secondary damage to the brain tissue
• If intracranial pressure can be minimized, tissue perfusion and delivery of nutrients to the sites of damage will help Mr. Walker's recovery. Additionally, if the inflammatory response can be controlled, damage due to oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines may further hasten his recovery during his hospitalization.
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