According to the libel-proof plaintiff doctrine, ______.

a. certain public officials are in such important positions that the media are forbidden from libeling them
b. certain public officials are in such important positions that they cannot sue the media for libel
c. people with already bad reputations have an easier time winning libel lawsuits
d. some people have reputations so bad that even false and defamatory claims cannot harm their reputations any further


d. some people have reputations so bad that even false and defamatory claims cannot harm their reputations any further

Communication & Mass Media

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Sometimes listeners are willing to accept the general truth of an argument, but they resist being persuaded by refusing to accept that the argument applies to them specifically. In this case, they are using a resistance technique called __________.

A. compartmentalization B. delusion C. dismissal D. the boomerang effect

Communication & Mass Media

Cells of disgruntled group members who feel undervalued, mistreated, disrespected, not included, or overlooked are referred to as ______.

a. out-groups b. in-groups c. shunnees d. sanctions

Communication & Mass Media

If a speaker follows Abraham Lincoln's advice to "Speak so that the most lowly can understand you, and the rest will have no difficulty," which principle of effective word choice is applied?

a. accuracy b. simplicity c. coherence d. language intensity

Communication & Mass Media

Which of the following statements about symbols is correct?

a. Symbols don't have fixed meanings. b. Symbols aren't concrete and tangible. c. Symbols are not intrinsically connected to what they represent. d. All of these.

Communication & Mass Media