Describe the possible effects of cancer surgeries on nutritional status in five different regions of the body
?Surgery is performed to remove tumors, determine the extent of cancer, and protect nearby tissues. Often, surgery must be followed by other cancer treatments to prevent the growth of new tumors. The acute metabolic stress caused by surgery raises protein and energy needs and can exacerbate wasting. Surgery also contributes to pain, fatigue, and anorexia, all of which can reduce food intake at a time when nutritional needs are substantial. Surgeries to the head and neck can cause dry mouth, reduced chewing and swallowing ability, and an increased risk of aspiration; esophageal surgery reduces swallowing ability and contributes to acid reflux; gastric surgery increases the risk of dumping syndrome and malabsorption of folate and iron; intestinal surgery can lead to diarrhea, malabsorption, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances; and pancreatic surgery increases the risk of diabetes.
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Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why?
A. Aspartame causes their blood glucose levels to plummet. B. They are allergic to aspartame. C. They experience severe headaches when they consume aspartame. D. They cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine present in aspartame.
When you exercise, your body uses glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels. Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme during this process?
A. folate B. vitamin B12 C. vitamin B6 D. biotin
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?
A. Liver B. Beans C. Steak D. Butter
All of the following are common symptoms caused by food allergies EXCEPT:
a. gastrointestinal upsets. b. central nervous system problems. c. rash or hives. d. respiratory problems.