A patient complains of decreased vision at night and is noted to have unusual dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva. The patient is deficient in:
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin K
ANS: A
Vitamin A deficiency results in night blindness, xerophthalmia (abnormal dryness of the conjunc-tiva and cornea), loss of corneal substance, and scarring.
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A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is admitted with moderate dehydration. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent injury while in the hospital?
a. Ask family members to speak quietly to keep the client calm. b. Assess urine color, amount, and specific gravity each day. c. Encourage the client to drink at least 1 liter of fluids each shift. d. Dangle the client on the bedside before ambulating.
A client reports an increasing loss of taste. He indicates he has little desire to eat as a result of the condition. What interventions may be implemented to enhance the client's mealtime experiences?
A) Add increased amounts of salt and pepper to foods. B) Increase cleansing of the tongue with the toothbrush at least 3 times per day. C) Attempt to eat more foods that are cooked rather than raw, cool, or room temperature. D) Increase use of tart flavorings in foods.
Factors that place a patient at risk of developing an antimicrobial-resistant organism include:
1. Age over 50 years 2. School attendance 3. Travel within the U.S. 4. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials
The nurse is preparing to give a bitter liquid medication to a child. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be best?
a. "This medicine will probably taste worse than anything you have ever tasted before." b. "This medicine may taste different from anything you have tasted before." c. "Sometimes medicines are awful, but they help you more than good-tasting medicines." d. "This is a magic medicine with a special taste, and it will make you get better."