A primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease is elevated blood lipids, especially LDL cholesterol. The level of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol relative to LDL cholesterol in the blood can be useful in determining the health of the arteries and the risk of developing heart disease. The optimal level of blood lipids includes a lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to reduce the amount of lipids that infiltrate the arterial wall creating plaque buildup. A higher HDL cholesterol may help protect against cholesterol buildup in the arterial wall.
What will be an ideal response?
Total cholesterol <200 mg/dl
LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl
HDL cholesterol >60 mg/dl
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Digestion refers to
A. the chemical breakdown of foods that happens in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. B. the breakdown of foods into a form that can be absorbed. C. the transfer of nutrients from the small intestine into the blood. D. the process of solid waste elimination.
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin E supplementation and physical activity?
a. Some studies indicate that vitamin E supplementation for 3 weeks protects against the development of sports anemia in women. b. Some studies show that vitamin E in high doses seems to protect against exercise-induced oxidative stress whereas others show the opposite. c. Some studies show that vitamin E supplements improve aerobic performance by 25-30% in endurance athletes competing outdoors in air-polluted environments. d. Some studies show that high-dose vitamin E intake protects against premature oxidation of conjugated linoleic acid supplements, which serve as a unique fuel for strength athletes. e. Some studies show that vitamin E is effective in reducing the occurrence of stress fractures in female but not male athletes.
Which of the following is classified as an ultra-trace mineral?
A. calcium B. manganese C. copper D. zinc
Vitamin B12 plays a role in the formation of red blood cells as a component of coenzymes that
A. synthesize heme. B. assist with DNA synthesis. C. assist in the coagulation of blood. D. assist in iron oxidation.