Eukaryotic cells are believed to have arisen
A) from a symbiotic relationship between primitive nucleated cells and bacterial cells.
B) from the fusion of multiple archaeal cells into a larger, more complex cell.
C) independently from prokaryotic cells.
D) by mutations that lead to changes in plasma membranes, leading to internal membrane-bound organelles.
E) independently from prokaryotic cells by mutations that lead to changes in plasma membranes, leading to internal membrane-bound organelles.
Answer: A
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Some organisms are not able to live in an environment where there is oxygen; these types of organisms
are called obligate anaerobes. Which of the following proposals is the most likely for how they survive without oxygen?
a. They are able to survive using less energy than aerobes. b. All of their ATP is imported into the cell from an external source. c. Sulfur is used instead of oxygen because it is chemically similar. d. These organisms use photosynthesis to produce energy. e. Their mitochondria are damaged, and consequently they are short-lived.
Which type of life cycle occurs with fungi?
a. Haploid-dominant b. Diploid-dominant c. Alternation of generations d. Meiosis
Is the lac operon transcribed when lactose is present?
a. Yes, lactose binds to the repressor, allowing RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and transcribe the operon. b. Yes, lactose binds to RNA polymerase, allowing it to bind to the promoter and transcribe the operon.
c. No, lactose binds to the repressor, allowing it to bind to the two operators preventing transcription. d. No, lactose has no effect on transcription of the lac operon. e. No, lactose binds to the second operator, blocking transcription by RNA polymerase.
Brushlike projections from the villi are
a. cilia. b. flagella. c. lymph vessels. d. microvilli. e. rugae.