The neuropeptide neurotransmitters are involved in:
a. pain regulation.
b. stimulation of skeletal muscle.
c. inhibition of acetylcholine receptors.
d. mood regulation.
e. release of hormones
A
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Which statement about the fate of progenitor cells in Caenorhabditis elegans is not correct?
A. The fate of progenitor cells is determined by their proximity to the anchor cell, which secretes epidermal growth factor. B. Epidermal growth factor binds and activates a transmembrane receptor protein in the cell nearest to the anchor cell. C. In the cell closest to the anchor cell, genes for differentiation into a type 1 cell are activated by epidermal growth factor binding to its receptor. D. Following epidermal growth factor receptor activation, the cell closest to anchor cell inhibits adjacent cells from differentiating to type 1 cells. E. Differentiating into a type 2 cell occurs spontaneously without the need for special genes for type 2 differentiation.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) secreted from an anchor cell binds to its receptor on a nearby cell and initiates signal transduction. Which statement describing this signaling pathway is not correct?
A. In response to EGF binding to its receptor, a series of protein phosphorylations occur which amplify the signal at each step. B. Certain key phosphorylated proteins enter the nucleus and act as transcription activators for the Notch gene. C. The Notch protein is a transmembrane protein that is inserted across the plasma membrane and acts as a ligand for a Notch receptor on the adjacent cell that will then become a type 2 cell. D. Transcription of the Notch ligand in the type 1 cell results in an inhibition of the Notch receptor in the type I cell and in an inhibition of the EGF receptor in the adjacent cell destined to differentiate into a type 2 cell. E. EGF and Notch ligands are unique to nematodes and only found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of photolysis?
a. It is a function of the cyclic pathway. b. It involves photosystem II. c. It occurs in the light-dependent reactions. d. It is the source of oxygen in photosynthesis. e. It directly replaces electrons lost by p680.
Movable bones are found in the
a. cochlea. b. external ear. c. middle ear. d. inner ear. e. organ of Corti.