The rates of photosynthesis and respiration in a plant are controlled by the temperature in the
A) soil.
B) air.
C) leaf.
D) root.
C
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This sequence of questions should help students understand how microbes were historically characterized and classified, how technology changed our perception of the microbial world,
the assumptions scientists made about prokaryotes, the unique features of archaea that distinguish this group of microorganisms from bacteria, and how fossils impact on our understanding of prokaryotic evolution on Earth. Prior to the advent of DNA sequencing technology and its application to the study of bacterial diversity and phylogeny, traditional taxonomic methods succeeded in characterizing thousands of bacterial species. As mentioned in the text, the cultured species represented less than 1% of the total number of bacterial species in nature. Knowledge of the nucleotide sequence for the gene encoding the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) provides little information about the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms found in soil and seawater other than what can be inferred from sequence similarity to 16S rRNA genes from cultured species. A. true B. false
Early in the twentieth century, some scientists embraced the notion of orthogenesis, the idea that evolution ____
a. is progressive but not goal-oriented b. produces new species with the goal of improvement c. a natural progression set in motion by the Creator d. occurs in spurts, induced by mutations, rather than gradually e. happens due to the inheritance of acquired characteristics
In the spiral staircase model of DNA, the rungs
are a. deoxyribose sugars. b. hydrogen bonds. c. nucleotide base pairs. d. phosphate groups. e. composed of all of these
Turning inorganic carbon into organic carbon is called
A. mineralization. B. eutrophication. C. respiration. D. carbon fixation