Describe the etiology and clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA).
What will be an ideal response?
OA is not a specific entity but a disease process involving all the structures of the joint, including the articular cartilage, the subchondral bone, the synovial fluid and synovial membranes, the ligaments, and the nerves and muscles supporting the joint. However, the most striking changes seen in OA are those within the load-bearing articular cartilage. Although osteoarthritis has been classified as a noninflammatory form, increasing evidence has shown that inflammation occurs as cytokines and metal-loproteinases are released into the joint. These agents are involved in the excessive matrix degradation that characterizes cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. The progressive loss of articular cartilage and the inflammation of the other tissues composing the joint result in joint pain, stiffness, limited joint movement, wasting of periarticular muscles, and in some instances joint instability and deformity. No specific laboratory abnormalities are associated with osteoarthritis, and it is typically diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiographic evidence.
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People tend to consume the amount of food they require based on energy needs even when they are presented with more food than needed
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
An infant is diagnosed with maple syrup urine disease and requires a special infant formula. Which of the following would be the best choice?
a. An extensively hydrolyzed formula b. A highly concentrated formula providing 40 kcal/fl oz c. A standard infant formula with polycose and MCT oil d. A standard infant formula with baby rice cereal e. A mixture of amino acids, carbohydrates, and fats, without the amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine
There is little variation across Native American tribes throughout North America in terms of traditional meal patterns
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which method of testing body composition has a SEE of approximately ±1.8 percent?
A) DEXA B) BIA C) NIR D) MRI